The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.